6. Installing Basic System Software (4)
- 6.46. Diffutils-3.3
- 6.47. Gawk-4.1.1
- 6.48. Findutils-4.4.2
- 6.49. Gettext-0.19.4
- 6.50. Intltool-0.50.2
- 6.50. Intltool-0.50.2
- 6.51. Gperf-3.0.4
- 6.52. Groff-1.22.3
- 6.53. Xz-5.2.0
- 6.54. GRUB-2.02~beta2
- 6.55. Less-458
- 6.56. Gzip-1.6
- 6.57. IPRoute2-3.19.0
- 6.58. Kbd-2.0.2
- 6.59. Kmod-19
- 6.60. Libpipeline-1.4.0
- 6.61. Make-4.1
- 6.62. Patch-2.7.4
- 6.63. Sysklogd-1.5.1
- 6.64. Sysvinit-2.88dsf
- 6.65. Tar-1.28
- 6.66. Texinfo-5.2
- 6.67. Eudev-2.1.1
- 6.68. Util-linux-2.26
- 6.69. Man-DB-2.7.1
- 6.70. Vim-7.4
- 6.71. About Debugging Symbols
- 6.72. Stripping Again
- 6.73. Cleaning Up
6.46. Diffutils-3.3
The Diffutils package contains programs that show the differences between files or directories.
- First fix a file so locale files are installed:
$ sed -i 's:= @mkdir_p@:= /bin/mkdir -p:' po/Makefile.in.in
- Prepare Diffutils for compilation:
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr
- Compile the package:
$ make
- To test the results, issue:
$ make check
- Install the package:
$ make install
6.47. Gawk-4.1.1
The Gawk package contains programs for manipulating text files.
- Prepare Gawk for compilation:
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr
- Compile the package:
$ make
- To test the results, issue:
$ make check
- Install the package:
$ make install
- install the documentation:
$ mkdir -v /usr/share/doc/gawk-4.1.1
$ cp -v doc/{awkforai.txt,*.{eps,pdf,jpg}} /usr/share/doc/gawk-4.1.1
6.48. Findutils-4.4.2
The Findutils package contains programs to find files.
- Prepare Findutils for compilation:
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr --localstatedir=/var/lib/locate
(옵션) --localstatedir
FHS 규정에따라 database 의 위치를 /var/lib/locate으로
- Compile the package:
$ make
- To test the results, issue:
$ make check
- Install the package:
$ make install
- find위치 변경
$ mv -v /usr/bin/find /bin
$ sed -i 's|find:=${BINDIR}|find:=/bin|' /usr/bin/updatedb
6.49. Gettext-0.19.4
The Gettext package contains utilities for internationalization and localization.
- Prepare Gettext for compilation:
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr --docdir=/usr/share/doc/gettext-0.19.4
- Compile the package:
$ make
- To test the results (this takes a long time, around 3 SBUs), issue:
$ make check
test suite fail발생
============================================================================ Testsuite summary for gettext-tools 0.19.4 ============================================================================ ## TOTAL: 397 ## PASS: 377 ## SKIP: 19 ## XFAIL: 0 ## FAIL: 1 ## XPASS: 0 ## ERROR: 0 ============================================================================ See tests/test-suite.log Please report to bug-gnu-gettext@gnu.org ============================================================================ Makefile:2221: recipe for target 'test-suite.log' failed make[5]: *** [test-suite.log] Error 1 make[5]: Leaving directory '/sources/gettext-0.19.4/gettext-tools/tests' Makefile:2327: recipe for target 'check-TESTS' failed make[4]: *** [check-TESTS] Error 2 make[4]: Leaving directory '/sources/gettext-0.19.4/gettext-tools/tests' Makefile:5172: recipe for target 'check-am' failed make[3]: *** [check-am] Error 2 make[3]: Leaving directory '/sources/gettext-0.19.4/gettext-tools/tests' Makefile:1721: recipe for target 'check-recursive' failed make[2]: *** [check-recursive] Error 1 make[2]: Leaving directory '/sources/gettext-0.19.4/gettext-tools' Makefile:369: recipe for target 'check-recursive' failed make[1]: *** [check-recursive] Error 1 make[1]: Leaving directory '/sources/gettext-0.19.4' Makefile:661: recipe for target 'check' failed make: *** [check] Error 2일단 그냥 진행.
- Install the package:
$ make install
6.50. Intltool-0.50.2
6.50. Intltool-0.50.2
The Intltool is an internationalization tool used for extracting translatable strings from source files.
6.50.1. Installation of Intltool
- Prepare Intltool for compilation:
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr
- Compile the package:
$ make
- To test the results, issue:
$ make check
- Install the package:
$ make install
$ install -v -Dm644 doc/I18N-HOWTO /usr/share/doc/intltool-0.50.2/I18N-HOWTO
6.51. Gperf-3.0.4
Gperf generates a perfect hash function from a key set.
6.51.1. Installation of Gperf
- Prepare Gperf for compilation:
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr --docdir=/usr/share/doc/gperf-3.0.4
- Compile the package:
$ make
- To test the results, issue:
$ make check
- Install the package:
$ make install
6.52. Groff-1.22.3
The Groff package contains programs for processing and formatting text.
6.52.1. Installation of Groff
- Prepare Groff for compilation:
$ PAGE=<paper_size> ./configure --prefix=/usr
미국은 PAGE=letter 아니면 PAGE=A4로 하면됨.
- Compile the package:
$ make
- 이 package는 test suite가 없음
- Install the package:
$ make install
6.53. Xz-5.2.0
The Xz package contains programs for compressing and decompressing files.
6.53.1. Installation of Xz
- Prepare Xz for compilation with:
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr --docdir=/usr/share/doc/xz-5.2.0
- Compile the package:
$ make
- To test the results, issue:
$ make check
- Install the package and make sure that all essential files are in the correct directory:
$ make install
$ mv -v /usr/bin/{lzma,unlzma,lzcat,xz,unxz,xzcat} /bin
$ mv -v /usr/lib/liblzma.so.* /lib
$ ln -svf ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/liblzma.so) /usr/lib/liblzma.so
6.54. GRUB-2.02~beta2
The GRUB package contains the GRand Unified Bootloader.
- Prepare GRUB for compilation:
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr \
--sbindir=/sbin \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--disable-grub-emu-usb \
--disable-efiemu \
--disable-werror
- Compile the package:
$ make
- This package does not come with a test suite.
- Install the package:
$ make install
- GRUB은 이 LFS시스템을 부팅가능하게 한다. 뒤에 8.4절에서 다룸.
Section 8.4, “Using GRUB to Set Up the Boot Process
6.55. Less-458
The Less package contains a text file viewer.
6.55.1. Installation of Less
- Prepare Less for compilation:
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc
(옵션) --sysconfdir=/etc
This option tells the programs created by the package to look in /etc for the configuration files.
- Compile the package:
$ make
- This package does not come with a test suite.
- Install the package:
$ make install
6.56. Gzip-1.6
The Gzip package contains programs for compressing and decompressing files.
6.56.1. Installation of Gzip
- Prepare Gzip for compilation:
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr --bindir=/bin
- Compile the package:
$ make
- To test the results, issue:
$ make check
- Install the package:
$ make install
- 몇몇 프로그램 이동:
$ mv -v /bin/{gzexe,uncompress,zcmp,zdiff,zegrep} /usr/bin
$ mv -v /bin/{zfgrep,zforce,zgrep,zless,zmore,znew} /usr/bin
6.57. IPRoute2-3.19.0
The IPRoute2 package contains programs for basic and advanced IPV4-based networking.
6.57.1. Installation of IPRoute2
- Berkeley DB의 의존성 제거
$ sed -i '/^TARGETS/s@arpd@@g' misc/Makefile
$ sed -i /ARPD/d Makefile
$ sed -i 's/arpd.8//' man/man8/Makefile
- Compile the package:
$ make
이 패키지는 test suite를 가지고 있지만 chroot한 상태에서 진행하는것이 문제없는지 확신할 수 없다.
따라서 나중에 LFS로 부팅하고 시도해보라.Install the package:
$ make DOCDIR=/usr/share/doc/iproute2-3.19.0 install
6.58. Kbd-2.0.2
키보드
The Kbd package contains key-table files, console fonts, and keyboard utilities.
- i386 keymap관련 패치
$ patch -Np1 -i ../kbd-2.0.2-backspace-1.patch
- 패치적용이후에 다시 생성
$ sed -i 's/\(RESIZECONS_PROGS=\)yes/\1no/g' configure
$ sed -i 's/resizecons.8 //' docs/man/man8/Makefile.in
- Prepare Kbd for compilation:
$ PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/tools/lib/pkgconfig ./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-vlock
- Compile the package:
$ make
- To test the results, issue:
$ make check
- Install the package:
$ make install
If desired, install the documentation:
$ mkdir -v /usr/share/doc/kbd-2.0.2 $ cp -R -v docs/doc/* /usr/share/doc/kbd-2.0.2
6.59. Kmod-19
The Kmod package contains libraries and utilities for loading kernel modules
- Prepare Kmod for compilation:
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr \
--bindir=/bin \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--with-rootlibdir=/lib \
--with-xz \
--with-zlib
(옵션)
--with-xz, --with-zlib
These options enable Kmod to handle compressed kernel modules.
--with-rootlibdir=/lib
This option ensures different library related files are placed in the correct directories.
- Compile the package:
$ make
- To test the results, issue:
$ make check
- Install the package, and create symlinks
$ make install
$
$ for target in depmod insmod lsmod modinfo modprobe rmmod; do
$ ln -sv ../bin/kmod /sbin/$target
$ done
$
$ ln -sv kmod /bin/lsmod
6.60. Libpipeline-1.4.0
The Libpipeline package contains a library for manipulating pipelines of subprocesses in a flexible and convenient way.
6.60.1. Installation of Libpipeline
- Prepare Libpipeline for compilation:
$ PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/tools/lib/pkgconfig ./configure --prefix=/usr
- Compile the package:
$ make
- To test the results, issue:
$ make check
- Install the package:
$ make install
6.61. Make-4.1
The Make package contains a program for compiling packages.
6.61.1. Installation of Make
- Prepare Make for compilation:
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr
- Compile the package:
$ make
- To test the results, issue:
$ make check
- Install the package:
$ make install
6.62. Patch-2.7.4
The Patch package contains a program for modifying or creating files by applying a “patch” file typically created by the diff program.
6.62.1. Installation of Patch
- Prepare Patch for compilation:
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr
- Compile the package:
$ make
- To test the results, issue:
$ make check
- Install the package:
$ make install
6.63. Sysklogd-1.5.1
The Sysklogd package contains programs for logging system messages
6.63.1. Installation of Sysklogd
- 몇 조건에 segmentation fault 문제 수정
$ sed -i '/Error loading kernel symbols/{n;n;d}' ksym_mod.c
- Compile the package:
$ make
- This package does not come with a test suite.
- Install the package:
$ make BINDIR=/sbin install
6.63.2. Configuring Sysklogd
- /etc/syslog.conf파일 생성
$ cat > /etc/syslog.conf << "EOF"
$ # Begin /etc/syslog.conf
$
$ auth,authpriv.* -/var/log/auth.log
$ *.*;auth,authpriv.none -/var/log/sys.log
$ daemon.* -/var/log/daemon.log
$ kern.* -/var/log/kern.log
$ mail.* -/var/log/mail.log
$ user.* -/var/log/user.log
$ *.emerg *
$
$ # End /etc/syslog.conf
$ EOF
6.64. Sysvinit-2.88dsf
The Sysvinit package contains programs for controlling the startup, running, and shutdown of the system.
6.64.1. Installation of Sysvinit
- 패치적용
$ patch -Np1 -i ../sysvinit-2.88dsf-consolidated-1.patch
- Compile the package:
$ make -C src
This package does not come with a test suite.
- Install the package:
$ make -C src install
6.65. Tar-1.28
The Tar package contains an archiving program.
6.65.1. Installation of Tar
- Prepare Tar for compilation:
$ FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 \
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr \
--bindir=/bin
FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 : This forces the test for mknod to be run as root.
- Compile the package:
$ make
- To test the results (about 1 SBU), issue:
$ make check
- Install the package:
$ make install
$ make -C doc install-html docdir=/usr/share/doc/tar-1.28
6.66. Texinfo-5.2
The Texinfo package contains programs for reading, writing, and converting info pages.
6.66.1. Installation of Texinfo
- Prepare Texinfo for compilation:
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr
- Compile the package:
$ make
- To test the results, issue:
$ make check
- Install the package:
$ make install
- Optionally, install the components belonging in a TeX installation:
$ make TEXMF=/usr/share/texmf install-tex
- documtent관련
$ pushd /usr/share/info
$ rm -v dir
$ for f in *
$ do install-info $f dir 2>/dev/null
$ done
$ popd
6.67. Eudev-2.1.1
The Eudev package contains programs for dynamic creation of device nodes.
(찾아보기) /etc/udev/hwdb.d 룰? 이뭔지?(찾아보기) udevadm hwdb --update 역할
6.67.1. Installation of Eudev
- First, fix a test script:
$ sed -r -i 's|/usr(/bin/test)|\1|' test/udev-test.pl
- Prepare Eudev for compilation:
$ BLKID_CFLAGS=-I/tools/include \
$ BLKID_LIBS='-L/tools/lib -lblkid' \
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--bindir=/sbin \
--sbindir=/sbin \
--libdir=/usr/lib \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--libexecdir=/lib \
--with-rootprefix= \
--with-rootlibdir=/lib \
--enable-split-usr \
--enable-libkmod \
--enable-rule_generator \
--enable-keymap \
--disable-introspection \
--disable-gudev \
--disable-gtk-doc-html
- Compile the package:
$ make
- 디렉토리 생성
$ mkdir -pv /lib/udev/rules.d
$ mkdir -pv /etc/udev/rules.d
- To test the results, issue:
$ make check
- Install the package:
$ make install
- Now, install the man pages:
$ tar -xvf ../eudev-2.1.1-manpages.tar.bz2 -C /usr/share
- Finally, install some custom rules and support files useful in an LFS environment:
$ tar -xvf ../udev-lfs-20140408.tar.bz2
$ make -f udev-lfs-20140408/Makefile.lfs install
6.67.2. Configuring Eudev
- initial database 생성
$ udevadm hwdb --update
This command needs to be run each time the hardware information is updated.
6.68. Util-linux-2.26
여기서 설치하는 갖가지 유틸리티들은 의존성관계가 없는듯.
The Util-linux package contains miscellaneous utility programs. Among them are utilities for handling file systems, consoles, partitions, and messages.
6.68.1. FHS compliance notes
- FHS에따라 디렉토리 생성
$ mkdir -pv /var/lib/hwclock
6.68.2. Installation of Util-linux
- Prepare Util-linux for compilation:
$ ./configure ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-2.26 \
--disable-chfn-chsh \
--disable-login \
--disable-nologin \
--disable-su \
--disable-setpriv \
--disable-runuser \
--disable-pylibmount \
--without-python \
--without-systemd \
--without-systemdsystemunitdir
- Compile the package:
$ make
- run the test suite as a non-root user:
$ chown -Rv nobody .
$ su nobody -s /bin/bash -c "PATH=$PATH make -k check"
test suite 를 root계정으로하면 위함함.
임의의 nobody계정으로 테스트돌림.
- Install the package:
$ make install
6.69. Man-DB-2.7.1
The Man-DB package contains programs for finding and viewing man pages.(찾아보기) man-page 와 man-db 의 차이?
6.69.1. Installation of Man-DB
- Prepare Man-DB for compilation:
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/man-db-2.7.1 \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--disable-setuid \
--with-browser=/usr/bin/lynx \
--with-vgrind=/usr/bin/vgrind \
--with-grap=/usr/bin/grap
- Compile the package:
$ make
- To test the results, issue:
$ make check
- Install the package:
$ make install
6.70. Vim-7.4
The Vim package contains a powerful text editor.
6.70.1. Installation of Vim
- vimrc 설정파일 위치 정의
$ echo '#define SYS_VIMRC_FILE "/etc/vimrc"' >> src/feature.h
- Prepare Vim for compilation:
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr
- Compile the package:
$ make
- To test the results, issue:
$ make -j1 test
"ALL DONE" 문자열이 나오면 성공임.
- Install the package:
$ make install
- vi로 심링크 지정
$ ln -sv vim /usr/bin/vi
$ for L in /usr/share/man/{,*/}man1/vim.1; do
$ ln -sv vim.1 $(dirname $L)/vi.1
$ done
- vim doc위치 심링크지정
$ ln -sv ../vim/vim74/doc /usr/share/doc/vim-7.4
6.70.2. Configuring Vim
- 기본 vimrc생성
$ cat > /etc/vimrc << "EOF"
" Begin /etc/vimrc
set nocompatible
set backspace=2
syntax on
if (&term == "iterm") || (&term == "putty")
set background=dark
endif
" End /etc/vimrc
EOF
- vimrc옵션 설정에 대한 문서는 아래를 참고
$ vim -c ':options'
6.71. About Debugging Symbols
A bash binary with debugging symbols: 1200 KB
A bash binary without debugging symbols: 480 KB
Glibc and GCC files (/lib and /usr/lib) with debugging symbols: 87 MB
Glibc and GCC files without debugging symbols: 16 MB
6.72. Stripping Again
디버깅 심볼 제거
''(참고)'' Stripping하기전에 현재까지 구성한 루트파일시스템 백업해두기.
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 8월 11 14:55 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 8월 7 17:35 boot
drwxr-xr-x 16 root root 4260 8월 11 14:17 dev \\
drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4096 8월 11 15:13 etc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 8월 7 17:35 home
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 8월 11 14:55 lib
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 8월 7 17:35 lib64 -> lib
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 8월 7 17:35 media
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 8월 7 17:35 mnt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 8월 7 17:35 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 245 root root 0 8월 7 19:18 proc \\
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 4096 8월 11 15:15 root
drwxrwxrwt 4 root root 80 8월 10 20:29 run \\
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 8월 11 14:55 sbin
drwxr-xr-x 69 lfs root 4096 8월 11 15:03 sources \\
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 8월 7 17:35 srv
dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 8월 7 19:18 sys \\
drwxrwxrwt 2 root root 20480 8월 11 15:13 tmp \\
drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 8월 7 17:08 tools \\
drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4096 8월 7 17:35 usr
drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4096 8월 7 17:35 var
위에 주석친(\) 경로는 복사안함. 이유는 mount로 올린곳이라 복사 잘 안됨.
나중에 다시 mount하면 될듯.
http://linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/view/stable/chapter06/kernfs.html
그리고 tools와 sources는 이전에 백업해두었기 때문에 복사x
- 백업 수행
$ cd 백업 디렉토리
$ sudo cp /mnt/lfs/{bin,boot,etc,home,lib,lib64,media,mnt,opt,root,sbin,srv,usr,var} .
Stripping
- 로그 아웃
$ logout
- chroot
$ chroot $LFS /tools/bin/env -i \
HOME=/root TERM=$TERM PS1='\u:\w\$ ' \
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin \
/tools/bin/bash --login
Now the binaries and libraries can be safely stripped:
- stripping
$ /tools/bin/find /{,usr/}{bin,lib,sbin} -type f \
-exec /tools/bin/strip --strip-debug '{}' ';'
6.73. Cleaning Up
Finally, clean up some extra files left around from running tests:
- test 수행동안 생성된 파일 제거
$ rm -rf /tmp/*
- 다음부터 재로그인 할때는 아래와 같이 로그인 하면됨.
$ chroot "$LFS" /usr/bin/env -i \
HOME=/root TERM="$TERM" PS1='\u:\w\$ ' \
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin \
/bin/bash --login
PATH에 /tools/가 없어짐.
- tools제거
$ rm -rf /tools
6장을 빌드하기 위한 임시 유틸리티로 더이상 필요없음.
만약 재부팅을 한다면 아래 대로 재 mount 시키면됨. 그리고 chroot
Section 6.2.2, “Mounting and Populating /dev”
Section 6.2.3, “Mounting Virtual Kernel File Systems”.